You can raise market value by buying the maximum amount of supplies, which is 120 months worth. That almost immediately increases the asset value. The market value of a profitable corp is influenced considerably by the asset value. That means the market value will increase when you increase the asset value, slowly.
It also helps to keep as much cash as possible in the corp. That includes keeping profit transfer at zero.
If you get desperate to increase market value, you could consider buying the highest quality supplies. That's tricky because it will result in lower profits, which eventually will hurt your market value. So hopefully you'll IPO before the rolling average profit makes a big decline. Then after the IPO, you can reduce the quality.
There is an amusing loophole for increasing the market value substantially. Some of us don't post loopholes on the forums because that tends to get them nerfed. Here is a clue: if you explore the game mechanics enough, they will tell you their secrets.